Sunday, March 30, 2008
First Lt. James Calhoun
First Lieutenant James Calhoun would have probably been another mostly forgotten Army officer of the past if it had not have been for the time and place he died: 25 June 1876 near the Little Bighorn River. Familiarly known as “Jimmi”, Lt. Calhoun was born in Ohio. Enlisting as a Private in February 1865 with the 22nd New York Infantry he was soon promoted to Sergeant in Co. D. In 1867, he was promoted to Second Lt. and served in the 32nd and 21st Infantries. Jimmi Calhoun met Maggie Custer, the general’s younger sister, at Fort Hays, Kansas in the summer of 1870.
Maggie dressed in white sitting on the left; Jimmi standing on the right. Taken at Fort Lincoln 1874.
By August the couple was pressing General Custer to request Jimmi be transferred to the 7th Cavalry where he would be under Custer’s command. Jimmi got the transfer, and a promotion. First Lt. Calhoun and Maggie Custer were married in March 1872. Custer liked Calhoun enough personally and professionally to make him his adjutant which is the officer that handles correspondence and records. The 7th Calvary relocated to Fort Lincoln just south of Bismark, North Dakota. Jimmi’s unit took part in several Expeditions which protected railroad surveyors and pushed further into Indian territory to make way for Caucasian dominated settlements. The 7th Cavalry served under General David Stanley when it participated in Yellowstone Expedition (1873). A personal feud developed between General Stanley and General Custer. The feud came to a head when Stanley confronted Custer about the use of a government horse by a civilian correspondent. Custer was placed under arrest (later the charges were dismissed) and for two days rode at the rear of the column. The civilian was Jimmi’s brother Fred Calhoun.
Jimmi seated at a Fort Lincoln Staff Outing, 1875.
Jimmi was particularly suited to the task of adjutant. His writings were good enough to be formed into a book published in 1979 (Provo, Utah) edited by Lawrence Frost entitled With Custer in ’74. During the Black Hills Expedition (1874) Jimmi writes in his diary of July 2nd: “The air is serene and the sun is shining in all its glory. The birds are singing sweetly, warbling their sweet notes as they soar aloft. Nature seems to smile on our movement. Everything seems to encourage us onward.” Custer had surrounded himself with a “royal family” which included his own family members and Jimmi. Jimmi was the “blonde Adonis” of Custer’s staff. He was also the object of many jokes and pranks pulled on everyone in the family cluster. In Cavalier In Buckskin Robert Utley states “Calhoun, dour and humorless, was a favorite target.” The General himself mused, “ ‘How they do tease and devil Mr. Calhoun.’ “
Custer’s wife Libbie and her sister Maggie Calhoun often rode at the head of the cavalry column with their husbands while other wives traveled on an accompanying steamboat when the unit moved en masse. This is how they traveled the first day out of Fort Lincoln to start the new expedition west in May 1876. The first nights camp was on the Heart River about 13 miles west from Bismark. The wives returned to Fort Lincoln the next morning. These expeditions were always dangerous and Jimmi wrote of how Indian alarms denied sleep to all. Violent death was always a hazard that happened regularly, but not to the extent that became “Custer’s Last Stand”.
The Last Stand has been researched and argued about by professional and amateur historians on a scale that reminds one of the JFK assassination. In Archaeology, History, and Custer’s Last Battle Richard Fox calls the “Calhoun Episode” the most critical stage of the Custer battle. Jimmi commanded L Company. They were apparently the first attacked and had been left to form a rear skirmish line on one hill which defended Custer as he rode about one mile further to die on his own hill. Today in the Little Bighorn National Park they are named Custer Hill and Calhoun Hill. Eyewitness reports from the Native Americans conferred that the attackers encountered the most resistance and suffered the most casualties at Calhoun Hill. About 31 men were killed on Calhoun Hill. Hasty burial parties were formed to dig graves for the officers-enlisted men lay where they fell. Recovery of the bodies weren’t attempted until a year later in July 1877. Jimmi was re-interred at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. One of the original burial party members was William Taylor who composed a book, With Custer On The Little Bighorn. In a section titled “Relics of the Battle” with no other explanation he states: “Mrs. James Calhoun had the good fortune to obtain possession of her husband’s watch through the efforts of her brother-in-law Lt. Calhoun, who purchased it from some Indians in the Dept. of the Platte.” Apparently Fred joined the Army between the time of the Stanley incident and the death of his brother.
Jimmi and Maggie had no children that I could find recorded anywhere. We had the good fortune for Glen Ethier and 8 other volunteers to index all four volumes of Orval Calhoun’s Our Calhoun Family a few years ago (this index is available directly through the Clan Colquhoun Society of NA, Glen himself, or access it through the Odom Genealogical Library in Moultrie). I ran Jimmi and Fred’s name, and the name Custer through the search engine but found nothing there. General Custer’s widow, Libbie, made a career out of remembering and having other people take note of her husband. In Boots And Saddles, one of the books Libby Custer wrote about her husband, Jane Stewart notes in her Introduction that there is a “noticeable omission” by Mrs. Custer to identify almost any of the other officers of the 7th Cavalry. Jimmi Calhoun is “…casually referred to as ‘Margaret’s husband.’ “
Above: Maggie on the right sitting next to Jimmi.
Below: Lt. Fred Calhoun with his legs crossed. Libbie and George Custer above him. Taken on the steps of the Custer home in 1873.
Colquhoun Hunting Tartan
Saturday, March 22, 2008
Monday, March 10, 2008
Major General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick
This article is up at Electric Scotland also, but Alastairs site is huge so I thought I'd post this one and one other. There is also some updated information that didn't make it on Electric Scotland.
General Kilpatrick was one of General Sherman’s most dynamic officers in the Union Cavalry during the Civil War. He was very active in Battle of Atlanta (Georgia), the subsequent March To The Sea, and back north again before the war ended at Appomattox. General Kilpatrick’s aggressiveness earned him the name “Kill Cavalry” from the way he threw his men at the enemy. H. J. Kilpatrick was born near Deckertown, NJ on January 14, 1836.
He had sandy red hair and a row of “perfect white teeth” when he graduated from West Point on May 6, 1861. On that same day he married Alice Nailery of New York. The war broke out two months before Kilpatrick was to graduate. His first fight was a month later at Big Bethel, VA where he was promptly wounded in the right leg by a piece of grapeshot. This was considered to be the first wound to be inflicted upon a regular Army officer in the first battle of the war. By the Battle of Gettysburg in early July 1863 he apparently had started earning the name “Kill Cavalry” or “Little Kil” from wearing down and, in many opinions, wasting his men and horses. In his book Sherman’s Horsemen, Dr. David Evans says he “…was unquestionably brave, but when truth interfered with ambition, he ran over it roughshod. He swore furiously and had a reputation as a rake.”
One story occurring on the 3rd day of battle at Gettysburg was that Kilpatrick “…goaded one of his subordinates. Brigadier General Elton J. Farnsworth, into a senseless charge that cost Farnsworth his life”, and then made “…shamelessly inflated claims about the number of prisoners, guns, and battle flags his division captured” when Kilpatrick and his men entered the field after the crux of the battle. Kilpatrick’s physical appearance seemed to invite many of the uncomplimentary things said about him. He was slightly hunchbacked and rode “…stooped and bent over the saddle.” When asked about it he said he had kidney trouble that hurt his back. Indeed he did have to lie down in an ambulance sometimes while supervising a battle. He had enormous red sideburns and was referred to as a dandy. Another officer once said “Kilpatrick is the most vain, conceited, egotistical little popinjay I ever saw.” Kilpatrick received the unfortunate news in November 1863 of his young wife’s death. Within two months his infant son also died. Soon after this, in February 1864, his own plan which he pushed through using political connections to free Federal POWs in Richmond failed. General Grant relieved him of his command and reassigned him to Chattanooga, TN to command the 3rd Cavalry Division of the Army of the Cumberland.
Within three weeks of taking command his troops encountered the enemy south of Chattanooga in northern Georgia. Moments after ordering a charge and riding to the front, a bullet tore through his horse’s neck before entering Kilpatrick’s left thigh and passing through his hip.
This severe wound convalesced him back to New York for two months. He reentered the fighting against doctor’s orders near, by chance, Calhoun, GA (named for the previous Vice President who had gold mining speculations in North Georgia). Alighting from a train on crutches, he found his men guarding rail lines. Kilpatrick promised the “brave, noble men” that “within three days you shall be at the front winning glory for yourselves.” Still too disabled from his wounds to ride a horse, Kilpatrick traveled in a carriage made up for him by his men. Anticipating the battle for Atlanta, he ordered all personal effects transported to the rear. His officers and men were to carry only enough supplies to last them about four days. Kilpatrick’s unit entered the Atlanta area on the west side. At one point his headquarters was set up at the intersection of Powder Springs and Sandtown Roads, just minutes away from where the Clan Colquhoun Of NA’s newsletter is compiled.
Gen. Sherman decided to use Kilpatrick’s force to try and break the railroad lines south of Atlanta to keep the Confederates from supplying their armies during the Atlanta battle. Known in history as “Kilpatrick’s Raid” (August 18-22, 1864), the force of 4,500 men circuited the city tearing up railroad tracks as they fought their way around west to east in the little towns below Atlanta. The Raid nearly destroyed Jonesboro by fire and looting. At Lovejoy the raiding party was surrounded by Confederate forces. Kilpatrick turned to Irish born, former British Army Ensign Colonel Robert Minty. Minty had the same aggressive combativeness Kilpatrick had and was a perfect choice for leading a cavalry charge. The charge broke a hole in the Confederate lines. The raiders were pursued for the next 24 hours. On August 21st, nearly out of ammunition, Kilpatrick’s men had the formidable task of crossing rain swollen Cotton Indian Creek. Normally 25 feet wide and 2 ½ feet deep, the freshet had increased an enormous 3 times it’s normal size. Kilpatrick crossed it first and stood by waist deep in the torrent as his men went across. An ambulance overturned spilling its driver and three wounded men into the rushing water. Kilpatrick plunged in after them pulling the driver, Lt. William Mayer, ashore. Only one soldier of Kilpatrick’s command drowned, but about 50 mules and horses were lost including everything they carried. Materiel was intentionally destroyed on the west side of the torrent so as to not fall in the hands of the enemy. Burning bridges as they crossed the South River and its shoals, the raiding party eventually felt they eluded the Confederates. The men finally unsaddled their horses for the first time in four days in Lithonia on Atlanta’s east side. Kilpatrick then turned northwest back up into Buckhead to report back to Sherman. The rail lines that had been torn up were quickly repaired and in working order by the time Kilpatrick reached Buckhead. This made the raid basically a military failure as far as cutting supply lines to the city. Less obvious was the effect Kilpatrick’s Raid had in diverting the Confederate Army while Atlanta was attacked from the North. Kilpatrick had indirectly protected the Union Army from attack by screening their movements from the enemy advance from the South. A point of irony should be noted that on September 2nd Atlanta was surrendered by Mayor James M. Calhoun. No mention has been found that Kilpatrick acknowledged his Scottish link to the mayor or that they ever met.
Sherman had to goad some of his commanders into action, but he had to rein Kilpatrick in to keep him from acting too recklessly. During the March through Georgia, Sherman made his often quoted description of Kilpatrick being a “damned fool.” The complete quote, not always printed, is: “I know he’s a hell of a damned fool, but I want just that sort of man to command my cavalry on this expedition.” The fact was that Kilpatrick could be relied upon to get things done, even if the results were not completely expected. Sherman accepted Kilpatrick with all his faults and used him for the best advantage possible which made Sherman an effective general.
If not completely endearing himself to his brother officers, Kilpatrick had no difficulty in attracting women. Only the driest of military histories omit references to Kilpatrick’s philandering after the death of his wife and child. His dandy appearance and bend towards theatrics-he’d been an amateur thespian before the war-infuriated most men but charmed certain women. From the march to Savannah and back north through the Carolinas reports filtered in to Sherman’s staff of attacks on Kilpatrick’s camped cavalry while their commander was shacked up with local women. Sherman’s army left Savannah and headed north burning Columbia, SC mostly to the ground. At this time Kilpatrick took as his mistress the “most beautiful woman in South Carolina” Marie Boozer who went back north with the army in Kilpatrick’s company. In NC a surprise attack by Confederate General Wheeler, who had been following the Federals from Savannah, drove Kilpatrick from the house he and Marie were staying. He was clad only in his “nightshirt and drawers.” Narrowly avoiding escape, Kilpatrick took off on a horse. This event became known among the Union infantrymen as “Kilpatrick’s Shirt-tail Skedaddle.” The war ended for General Kilpatrick in Raleigh, NC as he learned of General Lee’s surrender. Difficult peace negotiations ensued with dominating personalities on both sides, Kilpatrick’s personality as usual one of the most difficult and dominating. After the war, predictable political aspirations of Governor, Senator, or even President only gained the General an ambassadorship to Chile where he died in 1881. As with many other celebrated warriors, the driving force in Kilpatrick that made him one of Sherman’s right hand men in war became a hindrance to him in peacetime.
Hugh Judson Kilpatrick was buried at the US Military Academy Post Cemetery at West Point in New York.
From the New York Times, 1901:
Georgia Historical Markers
There are 3 markers describing H.J. Kilpatrick after the Battle of Atlanta with his name in the title. He is mentioned in several more.
The above marker is how it originally looked. It's been changed and a different title has been added now:
“Kilpatrick At Cork. On Nov. 17, 1864 Kilpatrick’s cavalry division, which was covering the right flank of Gen. Sherman’s army on its March to the Sea, moved from Bear Creek Station (Hampton), 30 mi. NW, down the north bank of Towaliga [Cherokee for “Roasted Scalp”] River to threaten Griffin and Forsyth. This threat caused the Towaliga bridges to be burned by Wheeler’s cavalry [Confederate] to protect those towns and the large Confederate hospital centers there. On the 18th, Kilpatrick’s divisions reassembled here at Cork. Next day, it crossed Ocmulgee River at Planters’ Factory (4mi.E) and moved S. to cover the front and flanks of the infantry columns and feint at Macon.” [This marker is located at US 23 and Mt. Pleasant Church Road near Juliette, north of Macon, where the movie Fried Green Tomatoes was filmed.]
“Kilpatrick On Bryan Neck. On Dec. 12, 1864, the 3rd Cavalry Division Brig. Gen. J. L. Kilpatrick, USA, covering the right rear of Gen. Sherman’s army which was then closing in on Savannah, crossed the Great Ogeechee River near Fort Argyle and the Canoochee River near Bryan Court House (Clyde) on pontoon bridges laid by the 1st Missouri Engineers and moved down Bryan Neck. That night, Kilpatrick made his headquarters at the plantation home of Lt. Col. Joseph L. McAllister, 7th Georgia Cavalry, which stood near the river immediately north of this site. On the 13th, Kilpatrick sent Murray’s brigade into Liberty County to scout the country to Sunbury. He ordered Atkins’ brigade and the 10th Wisconsin Battery to camp at “Cross Roads” (Richmond Hill) then, with two of Atkins’ regiments, he moved down Bryan Neck. Approaching Fort McAllister, he skirmished with the Confederate pickets, driving them back to the fort. After examining the approaches to the fort, he moved onto Kilkenny Bluff (8 miles SE) where he was able to make contact with the USS “Fernandina” and forwarded dispatches to the flag-ship reporting the arrival of Gen. Sherman’s army at Savannah. On the 14th, Kilpatrick moved with the balance of his command to Midway Church. After scouting the country and stripping it of livestock and provisions. He returned to Bryan County and went into camp at “Cross Roads” to picket the country to the south and west, and to protect the Union supply depot at King’s Bridge.” [This marker is located at GA Hwy 144 and 144 Spur, 5.4 miles E of US 17, south of Savannah].
“Kilpatrick And Mower At Midway Church. On Dec. 13, 1864, Murray’s brigade of Kilpatrick’s cavalry division, scouting the right rear of Gen. Sherman’s army, which was then closing in on Savannah, moved south into Liberty County. After driving back the 29th Georgia Cavalry Battalion, Lt. Col. Arthur Hood, which was patrolling Liberty County, Murray advanced to Midway Church. The 5th Kentucky Cavalry was sent to Sunbury to open communications with the Union blockading squadron in St. Catherine’s Sound. The 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry was sent to the Altamaha River to burn the Savannah and Gulf (ACL) Railroad bridge at Doctor Town. Both missions failed. On the 14th, Kilpatrick arrived with Atkins’ brigade and the 10th Wisconsin Battery. Establishing headquarters at Midway Church, he sent foraging parties east to Colonel’s Island, south below Riceboro, and went beyond the railroad to strip the country of livestock and provisions. On the 15th, with loaded wagons and herds of horses, mules, and cattle, he returned to Bryan County and went into camp at “Cross Roads” (Richmond Hill). On the 17th Mower’s division, 17th Corps, enroute to destroy the railroad form McIntosh to the Altamaha River, halted at Midway Church for the night. Next morning, Mower marched to McIntosh and began his destruction. Hazen’s division, 15th Corps, destroyed the railroad from the Ogeechee to McIntosh.” [This marker is located directly in front of the old church in Midway, GA].
I received this e mail 27 Aug 06:
Judson Kilpatrick Has A New Marker
This marker was dedicated at the site of the Nash Farm Battlefield in Henry County, Georgia on August 20, 2006 (the 142nd anniversary of Kilpatrick's Raid at the Nash Farm Battlefield). Please visit:
www.henrycountybattlefield.com
Below is the text for the new Georgia Historical Marker
Thanks,
Mark Pollard - Henry County Civil War Historian
KILPATRICK’S RAID
"After the failed McCook and Stoneman raids, Union Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman mounted one last effort to cut Atlanta’s railroads with his cavalry. Just before dark, August 18, 1864, Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick led 4,500 troopers of the 2nd and 3rd Cavalry Divisions from their bivouac at Sandtown. Crossing Camp Creek, they collided with Brig. Gen. Sul Ross’s Texas cavalry and a running fight began as the outnumbered Texans grudgingly retreated toward the Atlanta & West Point R.R. After tearing up the track near Fairburn, Kilpatrick’s men fought their way into Jonesboro on August 19, where they wrecked four miles of the Macon & Western R.R. As Confederate forces closed in, the raiders quietly slipped away, reaching Lovejoy the next morning. Overtaken by Rebel infantry and Ross’s pursuing cavalry, Kilpatrick formed his compact columns on a ridge just west of the Nash farm. With sabers drawn and bugles blaring, they rode over Ross’s Texans in one of the most dramatic cavalry charges of the Civil War. Escaping across South River, the raiders reached Sherman’s lines August 22. By that time, hasty Confederate repairs to the railroads already had trains rolling into Atlanta again."
Wednesday, March 5, 2008
Loch Lomond The Trossachs and Loch Katrine by W.D. Cocker
From Wikipedia
"W. D. Cocker (1882 – 1970) was a Scottish poet who wrote in both Scots and English.
In the First World War, Cocker served with the Highland Light infantry, and was taken prisoner in 1917. His war poetry is fairly limited in scope, but includes the poems 'Up the Line to Poelkapelle', 'The Sniper' and a five-part sonnet cycle entitled 'Sonnets in Captivity'.
He is best known for his humorous poems in Scots, often on Biblical themes, such as 'The Deluge', on the story of Noah and the Flood."
Another attraction of his books was the illustrations. The ones in this book were drawn by W. Douglas MacLeod.
Tribute to Sir Ivar at The Times Online
Baronet who turned his land into one of Scotland's finest golf courses
Sir Ivar Colquhoun of Luss, the Chief of the Clan Colquhoun, owned one of Britain’s most beautiful estates, at Luss, on the shore of Loch Lomond, with fine views of the lake and of Ben Lomond. He inherited the estate from his father, Sir Iain Colquhoun, who died in 1948.
Although the estate, with its hill grazing for sheep, was not economically viable for agriculture, and its sporting facilities for pheasant and grouse shooting, stalking and fishing were not in the big league, Colquhoun fought a valiant battle against the encroachment of urban sprawl.
He was a principled opponent of wind farms on the ground of aesthetics even when there were lucrative subsidies available and few objections from the green lobby, thus preserving Loch Lomond from an eyesore.
In the event, with nearby Glasgow, once famous for its slums, becoming renowned as a prosperous City of European Culture, the solution to the problem was inspired. Twenty years ago Colquhoun invited the American golfer Tom Weiskopf to develop a twin golf course, and this was eventually achieved in co-operation with the Arizona developer Lyle Anderson. The result is an internationally famous golf course that attracts top professionals in the summer just before the British Open and is well known to television viewers.
The land is leased from the Colquhouns, and their magnificent Robert Adam house, Rossdhu, has become the clubhouse decorated with the family tartan, with their furniture and paintings, while Colquhoun and his wife Kay, who died last year, lived in the dower house next door.
Many people believe the landscape has been improved by Loch Lomond Golf course, instead of being allowed to decline. Colquhoun fought hard to protect the village of Luss, often voted the prettiest village in Scotland, and won a five-year campaign to prevent BP building an oil terminal on his land.
Ivar Iain Colquhoun was born in 1916 and was educated at Eton. He was working on a lumber camp in Finland at the outbreak of war, and joined a Teritorial Army battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders as a private soldier. When the Soviet Union invaded Finland in November 1939, he was seconded to the 5th (Ski) Battalion Scots Guards. This was disbanded after Finland was forced to accept Russian terms in March 1940. Then he joined the artillery in Libya and served there during the siege of Tobruk, later to become the subject of some of his drier reminiscences.
He ended the war as a liaison officer with the Grenadier Guards and subsequently a captain in the Coldstream Guards.
Although he served as a JP for some years, he did not enjoy it much. He was a deputy lieutenant for Dunbartonshire and for 20 years chairman of the British Sailors’ Society. He was a keen sailor, often exploring the sea lochs up the West Coast, while his sister, Lady Arran, was a powerboat champion and pioneer. He was a keen shot and gardener with a particular interest in forestry plantations and he loved brightly coloured cars.
He was the eighth baronet and the 30th Laird of Luss. As a member of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs, he made regular appearances at clan gatherings and clan games and endorsed the clan museum. From 1949 until 1982 he was chieftain of the Luss Highland Games in July. He was an active force in the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.
He was an enthusiastic traveller, especially in African countries such as Egypt, São Tomé and Guinea, where he steeped himself in the local culture and historical oddities such as distilling from sugar cane and enjoyed puzzling out the purposes of archaeological remains. While travelling to Samarkand with his old friend Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, the two eccentric toffs seemed to delight in competing with each other for arcane details of tribal life.
Those who worked for Colquhoun during his 60-year tenure at Luss recall that, although shy, he was a canny and doughty fighter, resisting the lure of engineering development money. His proactive diplomatic efforts to protect the islands in the loch and the cottages on his land were executed with brilliance and a firm hand, often simply saying: “We don’t do that.”
Sir Ivar married Kathleen Duncan in 1943. Their daughter, Iona, married the 12th Duke of Argyll who died in 2001. Their elder son, Torquil, died at the age of 19, and their younger son, Malcolm, succeeds to the baronetcy.
Captain Sir Ivar Colquhoun of Luss, Bt, landowner, was born on January 4, 1916. He died on January 31, 2008, aged 92
Sunday, March 2, 2008
Savannah Scottish Games May 3, 2008
I'm planning on attending the Savannah Games this year even though Mrs. H. is having major back surgery in April. Unless she' s having problems with that I'll be there!
The background tartan on the brochure is the State Of Georgia tartan.
I missed last years games for the first time in perhaps 15 years because we were honored clan at the Triad Games the same weekend.
The 7th annual Georgia Hussar award will be presented which I sponsor for my Dad.
Here's the picture under the writing: (R.C. is the Center)
The original photo:
I started this award after the 9-11 attack. I've used 7 different photos taken in New Guinea for the background of the award. I frame the picture and present it at the Savannah Games (both sides of my family have lived outside of Savannah since the 1801 land grants for service in the Revolution for NC). This years photo is particularly significant since it's a sportsmanship award. When we first started this they asked Sharon & I if we'd like it to be presented for piping or athletics. We looked at each other and said simultaneously "Athletics!" since R.C. was such a fan.
Oglethorpes "Highland Rangers" were mainly taken from "New Inverness" which is now known as Darien, GA.
One of my favorite pictures of us was taken at these games several years ago...we don't look like this now!
The Savannah River is in the background. These games are not held at Old Fort Jackson any more.